Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Facility Engineering

1. PFD (Process Flow Diagram)

A schematic illustration of the main process flow in an industrial plant, showing major equipment, material streams, and operating conditions.

Contents:

• Major equipment (reactors, pumps, tanks, etc.) with standard symbols.

• Process flow directions (arrows).

• Key operating parameters (pressure, temperature, flow rate).

• Supporting utilities (steam, cooling water).

2. P&ID (Piping & Instrumentation Diagram)

A detailed diagram showing all piping, instruments, and equipment within a process system.

Contents:

• Pipes (size, material, line number).

• Instruments (sensors, control valves, gauges).

• Mechanical equipment with nozzles.

• Control systems (loops, interlocks).

3. Line Index (Line List)

A tabulated list of all pipelines in the system.

Contents:

• Line number.

• Specifications (material, diameter, pressure rating).

• Fluid service (type of liquid/gas).

• Insulation/heat tracing requirements.

4. Equipment List

A comprehensive list of all major equipment in the project.

Contents:

• Equipment tag numbers.

• Technical specifications (capacity, material, design pressure/temperature).

• Manufacturer details.

5. Hydraulic Calculation

Technical calculations to ensure efficient fluid flow in piping systems.

Contents:

• Pressure drop analysis.

• Pump head requirements.

• Flow velocity.

6. HAZOP Study (Hazard and Operability Study)

A systematic method to identify potential hazards in process design.

Contents:

• Node-by-node review of P&IDs.

• Deviation analysis (e.g., "high pressure," "reverse flow").

• Mitigation recommendations (safety valves, alarms).

Supporting Documents:

• Data Sheets: Detailed technical specs for equipment (e.g., Pump Data Sheet).

• Isometric Drawings: 3D pipe illustrations for fabrication.

• Cause & Effect Diagrams: Logic for emergency shutdown systems (ESD).

Document Workflow:

• Design Phase: PFD → P&ID → Line Index.

• Engineering Phase: Hydraulic Calculations → HAZOP.

• Construction Phase: Equipment List → Isometrics.